A massive composite hadron made of three quarks such as the proton or the neutron. We have developed a comprehensive glossary of terms covering the broad fields of nuclear and related areas of science. It is the radioactive and toxic byproducts of the nuclear energy and nuclear weapons industries. Electric current i current is defined in terms of the force per unit length between parallel currentcarrying conductors note. Glossary nuclear physics the national academies press. Glossary of terms frequently used in nuclear physics. Start studying physics ib glossary atomic and nuclear physics. The nuclear regulatory commission, protecting people and the environment. Energy unit used as the basis of measurement for atomic ev, electronic kev, nuclear mev, and subnuclear processes gev or tev.
Health physics refers to the field of radiation protection. A basic background in nuclear physics for those who want to start at the beginning. Asteroid belt an area between the orbits of mars and jupiter where millions asteroids orbit the sun. How appropriate the name is has been a matter of some debate taylor 1982. Disintegration of atomic nuclei resulting in the emission of alpha or beta particles usually with gamma radiation. For over 60 years, aecl has been a world leader in developing. Mar 30, 2010 following is a glossary of some of the terms related to the experiment. Sight blurred vision concave convex correct vision dioptre eye defect focal length focus lens long sight short sight spectacles virtual image. Basics of nuclear physics and fission institute for energy. Us chinese glossary of nuclear security terms national. Glossary of terms frequently used in nuclear physics book.
Terms defined in this glossary are among those com monly used in nuclear science and its applications. Also the exponential decrease in radioactivity of a material as nuclear disintegrations take place and more stable nuclei are formed. Science is a very vast subject that has innumerable words, terms, definitions, etc. The percent of the work put into a machine that is converted into useful work output. Physics ib glossary atomic and nuclear physics flashcards. Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions. The term health physics originated in the metallurgical laboratory at the university of chicago in 1942, but it is not known exactly why, or by whom, the term was chosen. A device in which a fission chain reaction can be initiated, maintained, and controlled. The nuclear industry uses a unique array of jargon, terminology and acronyms, which can be bewildering and confusing to newcomers.
Glossary of terms which will be of use to people across the nuclear industry technical and. The language of the nucleus is the largest collection of terms on the use of radiation and radioactivity. There are lots of terms and acronyms for the many and very welcome newcomers to the industry to get to grips with, and this glossary is a great place for them to start. Home nrc library basic references glossary glossary. The origin of selected radiological and nuclear terms. In nuclear physics, masses are customarily expressed in terms of an equivalent energy, usually in units of mev.
Nuclear energy heat energy produced by the process of nuclear fission within a nuclear reactor. Asteroids can vary in size from a few feet across to hundreds of miles. This glossary of physics is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to physics, its subdisciplines, and related fields, including mechanics, materials science, nuclear physics, particle physics, and thermodynamics. This glossary of nuclear terms has been produced to assist those new to the uk civil nuclear industry, by explaining and demystifying some of the terminology that will be. For more inclusive glossaries concerning related fields of science and technology, see glossary of chemistry terms. Our coverage is broad, spanning the pure research fields of lowenergy nuclear physics and astrophysics, the practical fields of nuclear engineering and environmental analysis, and the truly valuable fields of nuclear imaging and radiation oncology. Nuclear reactor a device in which a fission chain reaction can be initiated, maintained, and controlled. Rc r adioactive isotopes ale becoming a commot dtagnostm and le search tool m c,u dmlogy some readers, however, may not yet be familiar w2th nuclear physics as alpllcd in physmogy although there m e adequate re\t books in this field, it appc.
Its essential components are fissionable fuel, moderator, shielding, control rods, and coolant. Glossary of physical quantities glossary definition for 1619 the aim, rather than writing a textbook, is to provide an authoritative voice that can help give confidence to all those involved in physics education at this stage, in the correct and consistent use of quantities, from conductivity and current to wavelength and work. Iaea safety glossary terminology used in nuclear safety and radiation protection draft 2016 revision pdf. Dictionary of radiation terms radiation emergency medical. Glossary of terms which will be of use to people across the nuclear industry technical and nontechnical alike. It is a relatively lowpenetration particle due to its comparatively low energy and high mass angular momentum.
Aecl is canadas premier nuclear science and technology organisation. Definitions of some important physics terms, from atoms to z bosons. Just read on the following glossary to get a quick idea about some interesting terms. This glossary of key terms and acronyms has been produced to assist those new to the uk civil nuclear industry, by explaining and demystifying some of the terminology that will be encountered on a daily basis.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. An alphabetical list of terms in a particular domain of knowledge with the definitions for those terms. Radiation alpha particle alpha radiation background radiation becquerel, bq beta particle beta radiation gamma radiation gamma ray radiation sievert, sv. The following is a list of terms commonly used in discussion of nuclear energy. Bsl glossary physics curriculum terms scottish sensory centre. Nuclear regulatory commission glossary nrc iaea safety glossary terminology used in nuclear safety and radiation protection pdf 2. Mar 05, 20 definitions of some important physics terms, from atoms to z bosons. Cern the european organisation for nuclear research, a major laboratory located near geneva on the swissfrench border. A primary section consists of over 6,000 terms covering the fields of nuclear and high energy physics, nuclear chemistry, radiochemistry, health physics, astrophysics, materials science, analytical science, environmental. Such terms and definitions may in some cases be referred to. Nuclear physics definition and meaning collins english. Pressure measured with respect to zero pressure in units of force per unit area.
The term may also mean radiation extraneous to an experiment. List of glossary of physics terms and description vidyagyaan. This glossary of approximately terms is built on 20 years of joint discussions on nuclear arms control, nuclear nonproliferation, nuclear energy, and regional security issues and is intended to remove barriers to progress in exchanges and diplomatic, cooperative, or other activities where unambiguous understanding is essential. It is the central component of a nuclear power station that generated nuclear energy under controlled conditions for use as a source of electrical power. The smallest particle of an element that has the same properties as the element.
The activation energy is the height of the potential barrier separating a nucleus in its ground state and the state where it is split in two daughter nuclei. Radiation glossary radiation answers from health physics society radiation terms and definitions health physics society radiation glossary epa u. New york american institute of physics 1961 ocolc894342777. Nuclear physics definition, the branch of physics that deals with the behavior, structure, and component parts of atomic nuclei. This glossary of physics is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to physics, its subdisciplines, and related fields, including mechanics, materials science, nuclear physics, particle physics, and thermodynamics for more inclusive glossaries concerning related fields of science and technology, see glossary of chemistry terms, glossary of astronomy, glossary of areas of. Science glossary of science terms and scientific definitions. Glossary of nuclear terms accident generated water in 1980, the susquehanna valley alliance, based in lancaster, successfully prevented gpumet ed from dumping 700,000 gallons of radioactive water into the susquehanna river. The glossary has been constructed with two sections. In language comprehensible even to the layperson, proliferation expert simon henderson and former iaea deputy directorgeneral olli heinonen cover the jargon and history behind iaea inspections, centrifuge enrichment, basic nuclear physics, and early nuclear weapons development in pakistan and the united states. The atoms of which every element of matter is composed have a nucleus at the center and electrons whirling about this nucleus that can be visualized as planets circling around a. Glossary and terms asteroid an asteroid is a celestial body made of rock and metal that orbits the sun. Absolute magnitude a classification scheme, which compensates for the distance, differences to stars.
The following article has a glossary list that will help you understand these difficult scientific terms and definitions at a glance. Some of the terms used in this factsheet can be found in ieers online glossary. Nucleonics the science, technology, and application of nuclear energy. Nuclear energy nuclear energy agency nea nuclear force nuclear fuel nuclear material management and safeguards system nmmss nuclear materials nuclear poison or neutron poison nuclear power plant nuclear radiological incident annex nuclear reactor nuclear steam supply system nuclear waste nucleon nucleus nuclide.
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